Scout, Scout And Dill - 876 Words

6 (a) List the episodes in the story so far which involve the Radley Place as they appear to Jem, Scout and Dill. (b) What is the real significance of these episodes? -One day, Scout finds a tree hole in one of the Radley’s trees filled with Wrigley gum. Scout becomes anxious but her fear of Boo Radley becomes slightly lower after nothing bad happens to her. Then, on the last day of school, Jem finds two old Indian head pennies in the knothole. This discovery sparks the curiosity of Jem and Scout as they wonder if Boo Radley is placing these â€Å"gifts† here. -One day, Jem, Scout and Dill are playing with an old tire. Scout rolls in it and ends up in the front yard of the Radley place. Scout is terrified and the incident begins to ignite†¦show more content†¦8 Describe the Christmas visit to Finch’s Landing. On Christmas Day, Atticus takes his children, Jem and Scout, and his brother Jack to Finch’s Landing. Finch’s Landing is an old house in the country where Alexandra, Atticus’s sister, and her husband live. During the visit, Scout meets Francis, Alexandra’s grandson who Scout thinks is the most boring child that she has ever talked to. Scout also meets Alexandra, who comes off as proper and pretentious, and insists that Scout dress more like a lady. 9 (a) Describe the episode involving Tim Johnson, the mad dog. (b) What do we learn from this episode of Atticus’s character? One day, a mad dog with the name Tim Johnson comes out of nowhere and begins to wander down the main street toward the Finches’ house. The children notice the dog and tell Calpurnia who then looks at the dog for a brief second and immediately calls Atticus. Atticus and Sheriff Tate then pull up to the scene. Sheriff Tate hands Atticus a rifle and asks him to shoot the rabid dog. Reluctantly, Atticus does so, hitting and killing the dog with only one shot from a far distance away. From this episode, the reader learns of Atticus’s great humility. Atticus is an expert in shooting and had been nicknamed â€Å"One-shot Finch† as a child. Yet, neither Jem nor Scout had any knowledge ofShow MoreRelatedScout, Jem, Dill, And Atticus5089 Words   |  21 PagesDuring the first chapter of the book we get introduced to Scout, Jem, Dill, and Atticus. Scout is the narrator throughout the whole chapter while she is describing the events such as when Simon Finch their ancestor settled and how they met their best friend Dill during summer. Jem is also introduced when the story starts off with Scout telling us how Jem broke his arm. Atticus Finch is introduced as Scout and Jem’s father which instead of staying on their plantation became a lawyer in maycombRead MoreLetter from Scout to Dill1190 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Argumentative Essay Brittany Ennis 11/20/13 There has been much debate among historians about the role of government in big business. Should trusts be allowed to exist? Roosevelt believes that they should get rid of monopolies. He quotes and believes in Van Hise’s article â€Å"Concentration and Control†. His article says that the government should get involved in business in order to keep big businessmen in check. He says that unrestrained competition is the biggest of our problems when it comesRead MoreAnalysis of the Childhood World of Jem Scout and Dill and Their Relationship with Boo Radley in Part One?917 Words   |  4 PagesTo kill a mockingbird: Analyze the childhood world of Jem, Scout, and Dill and their relationship with Boo Radley in Part One. The novel To kill a mockingbird is a story about the older Scout looking back at her childhood in Maycomb, Alabama, and how she had grown up from a world of complete innocence into a much more complex adult world containing lots of negative elements and some good that together form her idea about the world and the way she thinks reacts to different thing later on in theRead MoreSummary Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1307 Words   |  6 PagesLee, the main character Scout and her brother Jem become friends with a child by the name of Dill. They live in old tired town called Maycomb, in Alabama, where there isn’t much to see nor do, and the only excitement they obtain is from there own games and imaginations. Maycomb is also a old fashion town where racism is still very much alive. One day, the town becomes engulfed in a court case in which a black man, Tom Robinson, is accused of rape. Tom’s attorney is Scout and Jem’s father, AtticusRead MoreKill A Mocking bird By Harper Lee1269 Words   |  6 PagesBaker â€Å"Dill† Harris, a seven year old boy, the events in this small town will change his view of the world. Although he is originally from Meridian, Mississippi, he spends his summers in Maycomb, with his Aunt Rachel. This summer is a very special one as Dill meets Scout and Jem Finch, soon finding long lasting friendship and finding another reason to want to be in Maycomb. The first thing Dill announces to the Finch family is â€Å" Hi I’m Charles Baker Harris, and I can read† (Lee 8). This is Dill showingRead MoreA Sense Of Innocence, By The Whole Town Of Machomb, Alabama Matures As A Community1277 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, Scout, Harper Lees’s central character, while young in age, is mature in spirit. Her influences are consistent, and caring and provide positive role models demonstrating understanding, while deciphering right from wrong. Scout matures not through age, but through a short period of time through her father, Adicus’ constant tutoring. While Adicus is a well-educated lawyer, Kalperna, the house help, is not. What they have in common is a mutual level of respect for each other and for Scout despiteRead MoreExperience of Children in Harper Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockingbird732 Words   |  3 Pagesthe novel are Jean Louise Finch â€Å"Scout,† Jem Finch, and Charles Baker Harris â€Å"Dill.† The novel also features Scout and Jem’s father Atticus Finch, Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley, and Tom Robinson. The children saw and experienced things that most children would never have to go through. Because of the things they have seen and experienced, Scout, Jem, and Dill mature and learn many life lessons as the novel progresses. At the beginning of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout is six years old. She is a tomboyRead MoreEssay on To Kill a Mocking Bird Chapter Summaries1728 Words   |  7 PagesBy Harper Lee Honors English Summer Homework Chapter 1-11 Summaries Chapter 1 Scout, the main character, starts the story off by thinking back to the summer where her brother, Jem, had broken his arm. She looks back to all the things and events that lead up to this mishap. Scout introduces us to her home Maycomb, Alabama and some of its interesting townsfolk like her father Atticus Finch, Calpurnia, Dill, The Radleys, and other neighbors. Her father, Atticus, works in town as a lawyer andRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1484 Words   |  6 Pagestree always being filled with goodies, filling his heart with pleasure, but later filled with cement, ultimately filling Jem’s open heart with pain. Scout Finch, Jem’s sister grew up feeling both the pain and the pleasure through violence. She always fought her classmates, out of rage, but later changed to a more stable being, to her pleasure. Dill, a friend of the Finch family ran away from his home in Meridian because of the pain of not receiving enough attention from his family. Much to his pleasureRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1077 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel of To Kill a Mockingbird, we learn about the Finch family and also a few other characters that all play pivotal roles in how the story plays out. Scout, the main protagonist in the story, learns about a character named â€Å"Boo† Radley from her friend Dill. Scout, Dill, and her brother Jem set out to lure Boo Radley out of hiding and into the open. All of the rumors consisted of grotesque descriptions describing the facial features of Boo. They were trying to get the monster out of the dark

Daffodils by William Wordsworth - 1871 Words

William Wordsmiths I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud or Daffodils: Analysis A BESTWORD ANALYSIS As far as there is to mention, there is little of weight or consequence to speak of in the direct analysis of William Wordsworth’s â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud†, or â€Å"Daffodils† as it is popularly referred to today. From introduction to conclusion, William Wordsworth cleanly describes the act of watching a patch of country daffodils swaying in the breeze and the lasting effect this pleasant image has on his quiet moments of reverie thereafter. But, perhaps in this simple four stanza poem, William Wordsworth has, in writing â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud†, succeeded in creating one of his greatest works of Romantic poetry by so perfectly†¦show more content†¦William Wordsworth’s â€Å"lonely cloud† is our own private impersonal perception of the world, floating miles above it and missing the quiet virtues of nature, beauty, and other sources of emotional nourishment. As William Wordsworth’s narrator is walking, he notices â€Å"A host, of golden daffodils;†¦ Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.† (4 and 6). Wordsworth goes on to describe these â€Å"golden daffodils† as a vast plot of swaying flowers around the fringes of a bay, outdoing the beauty of the ocean’s waves with their own golden oscillation. Describing the daffodils for the next several lines, Wordsworth helps us to visualize what he himself has seen and was so moved by; â€Å"Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. / The waves beside them danced; but they / Out-did the sparkling waves in glee† (12-14). These light-hearted daffodils, weaving in unison with each other in the wind, have romantically touched Wordsworth, their natural beauty reaching him in ways that he describes as not fully understanding until later: â€Å"A poet could not but be gay, / In such a jocund company: / I gazed - and gazed - but little thought / What wealth the show to me had brought:† (15-18). It is here that your humble writer can not help but remember one of William Wordsworth’sShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Daffodils By William Wordsworth2381 Words   |  10 Pagessuch as flowers, for example William Wordsworth’s classic entitled ‘daffodils’. In his poem he talks about seeing daffodils â€Å"flash upon that inward eye† (Wordsworth, Daffodils, 1815) when in â€Å"vacant or in pensive mood† meaning that he was preoccupied by his love for nature and that it inspired him in his writing, but also the inward eye meaning his own mind or imagination. He now believes that every time he is in a less than happy mood, he will just think of the daffodils, and picture them dancing andRead MoreDaffodils by William Wordsworth and Miracle on St. Davids Day by Gillian Clarke2054 Words   |  9 PagesDaffodils by William Wordsworth and Miracle on St. Davids Day by Gillian Clarke Each of the Wordsworth and Clarke poems show how the poets have been inspired to write about daffodils. In Miracle on St. Davids Day, Gillian Clarke actually refers to Wordsworths poem within her own. The poems however differ in structure and their responses to the daffodils are different. All of the poems use personification but the poems are written in contrasting style. WilliamRead MoreComparing The Daffodils by William Wordsworth and Miracle on St. Davids Day by Gillian Clarke927 Words   |  4 PagesComparing The Daffodils by William Wordsworth and Miracle on St. Davids Day by Gillian Clarke In this essay I will attempt to compare two very contrasting poems, William Wordsworth’s `The Daffodils which was written in pre 1900s and Gillian Clarke’s ‘Miracle on St Davids Day’, written in the 20th century. Strangely enough Gillian Clarke’s ‘Miracle on St Davids day’ was actually inspired by ‘The Daffodils’. In 1804 William Wordsworth wrote ‘a masterpiece’, two yearsRead More Comparison of Miracle on St. Davids Day by Gillian Clarke and Daffodils by William Wordsworth1989 Words   |  8 PagesComparison of Miracle on St. Davids Day by Gillian Clarke and Daffodils by William Wordsworth Daffodils was written by William Wordsworth approximately a century before Miracle on St. Davids Day was written by Gillian Clarke. Due to this, the poems differ greatly in their style and language. Observing the poems at first glance, it is obvious that they also contrast in content, however at greater depth, the connections between them are made obvious. In this essay, I will be discussingRead MoreEssay on I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by William Wordsworth725 Words   |  3 PagesCloud by William Wordsworth â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† by William Wordsworth, a poem that discloses the relationship between nature and human beings: how nature can affect one’s emotion and behavior with its motion and sound. The words the author adopted in this poem are interconnected and related to each other. They are simple yet profound, letting us understand how much William Wordsworth related his works to nature and the universe. It also explained to us why William Wordsworth is oneRead MoreComparison Essay: ‘the Daffodils’ ‘to Daffodils’1042 Words   |  5 Pagesvery different content, tone, stylistic features and didactic message. The first poem is William Wordsworth’s â€Å"The Daffodils† written in 1804. The second poem is â€Å"To Daffodils† written by Robert Herrick in 1675. Both poems are about the comparison between man and nature, in this case, it’s the daffodils, but the poems are written in a different way. The p oems are very different in terms of the way daffodils affect the writer’s state of mind. The poems have contrasting content and theme. Wordsworth’sRead MoreWilliam Wordsworths Poetry Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Wordsworths Poetry gThe greatest and in the end the most influential of the English Romanticsh ( Britannica 675 ). That is William Wordsworth. Wordsworth changed the style of English poetry. His poems are very well written and very beautiful. Many events that@took place in his life shaped Wordsworthfs poetic style. The most important of these@events was not one specific event at all, it was one that encompassed all of Wordsworthfs@life. The one aspect of his life that mostRead MoreWordsworth s Hope For Humans And Nature1497 Words   |  6 Pagesanyone fully understand why people go for walks through the woods to try to relax? William Wordsworth believed that nature was a key that unlocked the soul trapped in the human body. In his poem, â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,† he described how free his soul felt when immersed in nature. Wordsworth loved nature and wanted the rest of the human race to become conscious of nature’s charm on the human soul. Wordsworth explained how he wanted humans to become more involved in nature by using peacefulRead More William Wordsworth’s The Daffodils compared to Miracle on St Davids Day1147 Wor ds   |  5 PagesWilliam Wordsworth’s The Daffodils compared to Gillian Clarke’s Miracle on St Davids Day In this essay I will attempt to compare two very contrasting poems, William Wordsworth’s `The Daffodils which was written in pre 1900s and Gillian Clarke’s ‘Miracle on St Davids Day’, written in the 20th century. Strangely enough Gillian Clarke’s ‘Miracle on St Davids day’ was actually inspired by ‘The Daffodils’. In 1804 William Wordsworth wrote ‘a masterpiece’, two years after his experience withRead MoreRejecting nature -since early ages.1000 Words   |  4 Pages Rejecting nature -since early ages. Good evening, welcome to the progress of poetry. Following from last weeks program ‘the eternal songs- of William Blake- tonight’s show Wordsworth’s mind on nature will interpret how: William Wordsworth represented the cultural assumptions, attitudes and ideas, through two of his most beautiful pieces daffodils and the world is too much with us, within the romantic era. The Romantics believed that the centre of change was through the ‘common man’; as to begin

Lemonade Stand †Season Three Free Essays

This report provides factual quantative information on Lemonade Stand, sourced from financial statements, the business’ General Journal and financial data collected during Seasons One, Two and Three. The following economic summary report will consider how well Lemonade Stand’s business is performing by, among other things, deducting the stand’s capital costs from its profits. Through analysis of the previously stated quantiative information, the company will be able to measure how well the stand is using capital to build economic value, with perhaps deploying company resources in ways that will further enhance its economic value. We will write a custom essay sample on Lemonade Stand — Season Three or any similar topic only for you Order Now In short, the economic summary report’s fundamental objective is to maximize the stand’s return for its owners, as well as to focus on very precise value-related targets, be they cost reductions, new investments, or other resource allocation. Over the three season period of review, Lemonade Stand has shown a steady revenue growth. Although this growth is positive, there are aspects of the business that, if managed more efficiently, could have brought the stand a significant increase in overall profits. First, the price per cup could have been increased throughout Season Two – instead of maintaining a steady price of $0. 60 during the whole season. This simple increase in price would increase revenues and profits for the season. Second, there was a lack of wise management towards the purchase of supplies during Season Two. It was difficult to forecast the turnout for each day and excess supplies were purchased in preparation for a predicted rush of customers. This mismanagement lead to a waste of supplies, – especially ice – a low inventory turnover, increased expenses – due to management mistakes instead of business operations — and excess inventory at the ending of the season. However, despite the downfall in Season Two, inventory turnover did improve during Season Three as well as the stand’s current ratio. The Lemonade Stand’s current ratio increased significantly from having $5. 80 in current assets for ever $1. 00 in current liabilities in Season One, to having $14. 50 in current assets for every $1. 0 in current liabilities at the conclusion of Season Three. The higher current ratio indicates the liquidty of the business, meaning that there is a greater margin of safety to cover short-term debts. As a result of a higher current ratio, the stand will be able to obtain necessities from short-term creditors such as suppliers, easier than before. The ability to obtain supplies and other necessi ties from short-term creditors will allow the stand to expand – if desired – and perhaps secure a more profitable Season Four. In addition, the decrease in the debt-equity ratio is another positive sign that shows us that the stand can be successful in the future if managed properly. The owners of Lemonade Stand place a value of $100. 00 toward being their own boss and thus have the freedom and flexibility that they would otherwise not experience while working for another person or company. This form of revenue can be found in the stand’s implicit revenue on the stand’s balance sheet and is added to the value of learning how to run the business — $50. 0 for Season One – as well as gaining more information and/or education on increasing profits and learning how to better manage the stand. During the third season, the stand was more concerned with maximizing returns on resources and therefore lead to a greater economic profit for that season. When the information contained in the business’ financial statements is used to create strategic objectives, such as maximizing returns on resources, the stand will be able to focus on those activities that will produce the desired result and also guide the owners in the management of the business. By focusing on activities that create the most value and, conversley, avoiding devoting inordinate amounts of resources to activities that produce little value the stand will be able to maintain its financial health and generate higher profits in the seasons to come. Lemonade Stand is in a strong position to expand and through expansion, will be able to set larger strategic objectives and potentially increase the health and value of the business. How to cite Lemonade Stand — Season Three, Papers

Criminal Law Revision Notes free essay sample

Proximity test: (R v Eagleton): How close is the accused to committing the final act that constitutes the offence? Substantial step test: Has the accused made substantial progress towards completion of the offence? Consider how much progress has been made and what is left to do. †¢ Unequivocality test: (R v Williams): requires that there be ‘no possible innocent explanation for the accused’s conduct’. (Any conduct which might have an innocent explanation cannot be brought by the prosecution as evidence). A precise test, but considered too restrictive. †¢ Last step test: (R v Chellingworth): Has the accused taken the last step towards the completed offence? Voluntary desistance (s4, par. ): If the accused does most of the acts required to constitute the offence but then stops, it is generally no defence (although may be considered in sentencing). Impossibility (s4, par. 3): †¢ Legal: It is impossible for the accused to commit an offence only where th ere is no offence at law to capture the defendant’s conduct (e. g. if the defendant mistakenly believes that it is an offence to acquire a certain weapon, but attempts to do so anyway = no offence). BUT, †¢ Factual: if the offender tries to commit an offence but the offence cannot be committed for factual reasons, this is still an attempt: English. eg, the offender tries to import drugs, but the ‘drug’ is talcum powder)’ Conspiracy: [not in exam] †¢ takes place before any preparatory action. (An offender is usually not charged with conspiracy and a completed offence. , so conspiracy is not relevant if an offence is actually committed). †¢ No definition in Code, defined in common law as ‘an agreement between 2 or more persons to achieve a common objective’ (R v Campbell). (note: agreement must be reached. Not sufficient that parties were in communication). †¢ There must be an intention to do all the elements of the offence. There must be a positive intention – recklessness will not suffi ce. †¢ If there is no agreement, there is no conspiracy – BUT, it is not necessary that all conspirators know one another. †¢ When 2 or more conspirators are charged, the fact that A is acquitted does not necessarily mean B will be as well (R v Darby). †¢ You can’t conspire to do something that is legally impossible. †¢ You can conspire to do something that is factually impossible. Aiding s 7(b) and (c) †¢ What is the principal offence and who is principal offender? Deal with them first †¢ Then distinguish from counselling; presence, constructive presence  · Law: Aiding is providing support, help or assistance (R v Beck) to the PO. Aid is generally given to the PO during the commission of the offence, but can be before the offence (Ancuta). If a person aids another in the commission of an offence they will be liable for the primary offence under s 7(b) or (c).  · First, there must be proof of a Principal Offence actually committed, although conviction of a Principal Offender not necessary (R v Lopuszynski). There can be joint Principal Offenders (Mohan v R). define  · (b): requires proof of assistance being given for the purpose of aiding the commission of the offence. Therefore, an accused can act with the purpose of aiding but not actually aid, and still be liable (R v Arnold).  · 7(c): does not specify mental element, but has been held that ‘aids’ means ‘knowingly aids’( Jervis v R: ‘aids’ h eld to be a word that carries an inherent mental element).  · In both 7(c) and (d), the accessory must have actual knowledge of the future offence they are aiding, as opposed to merely a suspicion (although this knowledge can be inferred from proof of exposure to the obvious). It is sufficient that the accused contemplates the type of crime to be committed by the PO it is not necessary that its precise details be known (Ancuta). Recklessness, however, is an insufficient mental state for aiding. (Giorgianni).  · Variable: Where the offence is one requiring fault elements, the accused must also have actual knowledge that the principal offender possessed the fault element for the principal offence (Stokes and Difford).  · Variable: Non-interference to prevent a crime is not an offence BUT the fact that a person is ‘voluntarily and purposely present’ and offers no opposition may be grounds for a jury to find that he aided. Positive action NOT essential (Coney). Passive presence at the scene is aid, IF the accused knows his/her presence is encouraging/supporting the PO (e. g. , combination of prior aid and continued nondissociating presence may constitute implied offer of continuing aid = aid under s7) (Beck).  · Apply to facts  · Conclude Counselling or Procuring: s 7(d)  · Law: If a person counsels or procures another to commit an offence they will be liable for the primary offence under s 7(d).  · Procure means to provide information or material assistance to the PO, and that the provisions cause or bring about the crime (R v Beck). ‘Procuring’ involves intentionally causing the commission of the offence. Humphry v R: ‘procure’ means to produce by endeavour, and one procures a thing by setting out to see that it happens. The accused must also have an intention to assist (Georgianni v R) the PO and general knowledge of the planned crime (Ancuta).  · Counselling means advice or encouragement (Stuart v R) before the commission of the offence. The counsel does not need to cause the crime (R v Coney). Section 9 extends liability beyond s7(d). [again, not really helpful here. You need to look at 7(d) direct, and only if that is not gven, you mention section 9] If it is established that the accused counselled the PO to commit the offence, then a jury must determine if the offence was a probable consequence of the counsel. Probable is defined (Darkan v R) as more probable than not, or of probability less than 50/50, but more than real chance.  · Apply to facts  · Conclude Common purpose, s8 Liability under s8 attaches when one of the parties goes beyond the common unlawful design/ plan. (If parties are within common plan, s7 enough for determining liability).  · Law: When two or more persons together form a common intention to prosecute an unlawful purpose the court will regard them as joint principal offenders. The prosecution must establish that; (1) the accused formed an intention to prosecute an unlawful purpose (Brennan v R); (2) the PO committed the unlawful purpose (R v Phillips and Lawrence); and (3) the principle offence must have been a probable consequence of the prosecution of the unlawful purpose. Test of whether ‘probable consequence’ is objective (Stuart v R). Probable is defined (Darkan v R) as more probable than not, or of probability less than 50/50, but more than just a ‘substantial or real chance’. There is no liability if PO unexpectedly departs from the common purpose and commits an offence that was not within the contemplation of the accessory and was not a probable consequence of the common purpose (R v Anderson and Morris)  · Apply to facts  · Conclude Withdrawal s 8(2) †¢ Law: An accessory will not be liable until the PO is actually committed (s 8(2)). The accused can terminate their involvement and escape their liability if they; (1) withdrew from the prosecution of the unlawful purpose; (2) by words or conduct communicate their withdrawal from the unlawful purpose to those invloved in the PO; and (3) take reasonable steps to prevent the commission of the offence (R v Menniti).  · Apply to Facts  · Conclude Fraud (not in exam) †¢ Law: Fraud is when an owner parts with their property under false pretences. It is defined in s409 as (1) any person; (2) with intent to defraud; (3) by deceit or any other fraudulent means; (4) obtains property from another person. An intent to defraud is discussed in Balcombe v De Simoni. It requires an intention to induce, and does induce, another to act  ·  · ? Deceit or other fraudulent means are generally statements of fact that the defendant knew to be untrue (R v Carpenter). But the definition is very broad. ? Obtains is defined in s1 as obtaining possession of property. Possession wi thout ownership is enough (Seiler v R). ? Property in s1 includes everything, animate or inanimate, that is capable of ownership. Apply to facts Cobclusion

How To Get A Girl Essays - The Naughtiest Girl Is A Monitor, Bunty

How To Get A Girl Every man's dream is to have the perfect companion. However, in order to have one, you must first be able to get one. Most believe such a task can be extremely difficult, yet if done properly, it can be accomplished swiftly and efficiently. In fact, there are only a few basic procedures to getting a girl. The first step of this process is rather quite simple; get her attention. Initiating conversation is half the battle. As well, it is very effective to make frequent eye contact. Let her catch you staring once in a while and smile at every chance you get. Your goal is to be fairly subtle, while still making it obvious that you want her. Once you have succeeded in being noticed, you are ready for the next step. Be funny, be confident, but be yourself. The absolute worse thing you can do when trying to get a girl is to change your personality. Self-assurance is indispensable and by altering your character, you are telling her that you lack confidence. Having a sense of humor is also very important. It is absolutely crucial to make her smile, even if it occasionally requires making a fool of yourself. If you can't make her laugh, you don't stand a chance. Now that she's interested, entice her by making her feel special. Without being too overwhelming, attempt to spend as much time as possible with her. Devote yourself to making her feel different than the rest by going out of your way to please her. Little things count most. For example, cancel a pre-planned weekend with the boys and take her out for dinner and a movie instead. Randomly buy her flowers and she will melt. Let her hear things she wants to hear. Compliment her hair or her outfit, but don't go overboard. Too much of a good thing gets taken for granted. It's also essential that you be interested, or pretend to be interested, in things she likes. If she plays sports watch her game, even in the pouring rain. Once she feels a little closer to you, it's time for the final step. Probably the most difficult yet most important step to getting a girl is to keep her guessing. Although it sounds foolish, you must back off, tremendously. Play games with her head. Make her jealous by flirting with other girls, especially with her friends. Don't return a phone call once in a while or tell her you are busy when she invites you out. Intrigue her. Let her wonder what you could be doing instead of being with her. The key is to reverse the roles and make her want you. By following these simple steps the challenge of making a girl yours will nearly be eliminated. And although it may require a certain degree of time and effort, it's definitely worth it. Imagine not being able to have someone to laugh with, someone to cry with, or someone to love. A girl is everything a man needs, and with a little practice getting one becomes almost second nature. Human Sexuality

Maya Angelou Biography Essay Example

Maya Angelou Biography Essay Example Maya Angelou Biography Paper Maya Angelou Biography Paper 2011. Web. 16 Mar 2012. notablebiographies. com/An-Ba/Angelou-Maya. html. Angelou, M.. Angelou, Maya. Maya angelou: Global renaissance woman. Penguin Creative, 2012. Web. 16 Mar 2012. http://mayaangelou. com/bio/. Reynolds, W. R.. Maya Angelou. American academy of achievement. American Academy of Achievement, 2011. Web. 16 Mar 2012.

The efficacy of the principle of supremacy of EU law depends on its Essay

The efficacy of the principle of supremacy of EU law depends on its reception in national constitutional courts. Discuss - Essay Example Despite being recognized by member states, there are particular reservations made by the national constitutional courts that challenge the principle of supremacy of the Community law. They view supremacy as an ideology rooted in national constitutions instead of being derived from the nature of Community legal order.1 Based on this notion, the constitutional courts possess the right to evaluate whether the European Union institutions conduct themselves within the competences given to them and respect the fundamental human rights and constitutional norms. An example of such cases include the Maastricht and Solange I and II decisions made by the German Constitutional Court, the Maastricht decision made by the Danish Supreme Court, and the Frontini and Granital decisions made by the Italian Constitutional Court. France offers a good example of how the supremacy of the European Union law depends on the reception of the national constitutional court. In France, the Constitutional Council frequently subjects new treaties to preliminary evaluation. The Constitution can be amended before the ratification process if an incompatibility is seen and this practice is crucial because it significantly minimizes the risk of constitutional conflict with the Community law.2 The acceptance of the Community law supremacy remains a contentious issue for case law. This is specifically evident in the possible conflicts between the national constitution and the European Union norms. The principle of supremacy can give rise to delicate and complex matters. It is crucial to state that no case law has ever addressed the issue of EU law supremacy and the national constitution. When a conflict exists between the ordinary domestic legislation and primary EU law, it is anticipated that the courts cannot hesitate to offer influence to the principle of supremacy.3 For the constitutional courts, the mere acceptance of the supremacy of EU law over the national constitutional law is equated to re ndering the courts redundant.4 The supremacy of the European Union law is among the four constitutional doctrines of the European Union (EU) law. The supremacy has no formal foundation in the original or first Treaty of European Community. Nonetheless, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) based on the conception of the new legal order established it. This can be well illustrated by its landmark case (Flaminio Costa v. ENEL) in which it was established that there existed a conflict between the Italian laws on national electricity monopoly and the EC (European Community) provisions permitting the free movement of goods. The ECJ created a clear hierarchy between the national law and EC by stating that in contrast with the normal international treaties, the EEC had established its legal system in which an entry into the Treaty force became an important part of the member states’ legal systems and in which their courts are required to apply.5 The court further ruled that the law em anating from the Treaty (that is, a self-governing source of law) was not possible to be overridden by the domestic legal provisions because of its original and special nature. The reactions to the principle were different among the Member States. It is important to note that the principle of supremacy over the national laws has been recognized by the Member States. Difficulties have emerged in acknowledging the absolute supremacy over the

The salon in 1830s Paris Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The salon in 1830s Paris - Essay Example Self-expression energizes the world with the emergence of imagination. A break from the traditional context brings life to the often misunderstood, lowly and virtually unknown individual. Friedrich Schlegel first uses the word romantic to describe emotions through imagination. His poems are a prime example of emotional content. Victor Hugo discusses it a bit rather clearly when he simply explains that the period introduces freedom from the tight chains and limited range of conventional literature. Romanticism offers a wide range of emotional and imaginative works. It brings together a bunch of talented artist. Prominent names which spearhead the style include Ann Radcliffe, Edgar Allan Poe, Charlotte Bronte, Mary Shelley, Sir Walter Scott, Madame de Lafayette, Voltaire, Rousseau and Charles Dickens. Numerous topics are tackled but love continues to be a favorite subject in poetry and prose. Love is filled with mysticism but a more sensual and a more colorful approach to it paves the way towards the exoticism. The English poet Lord Byron pioneers the exotic theme of romanticism. Inheriting part of the estate from his granduncle William, George Gordon Noel Byron begins publishing a set of poems entitled Hours of Idleness. But Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage travelogue becomes instrumental in launching him to fame. European views are the main subject of the poems. The collection leads to four more tales that will cement his status as one of the greatest Romantic writers of his generation. Critics share a common observation that Byron’s works reflects his very own personal life. Emotions and imaginations are clearly visible in the works of Lord Byron. His marriage is mostly filled with extramarital affairs. In 1816, just a year after marrying his wife, he opts for legal separation. Because of his extramarital affairs, Lord Byron has been hounded by trouble most of his

Company Law - English law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Company Law - English law - Case Study Example Commentators have attempted to categorise those decisions under various headings, such as agency, fraud, group enterprise, tort and so forth6. What is clear on a close reading of the cases which have distinguished Salomon is that the courts will only interfere - by lifting the veil of incorporation - where there is clear evidence of wrongdoing or where they are required to interfere by Statute. There is therefore a presumption that members of a limited company are only liable to the extent of any unpaid amount on nominal value of their shares unless 'wrongdoing' can be established. LJM Limited seems to have been incorporated for the sole intention of providing a vehicle for the directors Jean, Lynette and Lauren to unlawfully deprive W&H Limited, its shareholders and its members of its corporate assets and any retained profits from the international contract. There is authority to suggest that the courts will lift the veil to prevent evasion of an existing obligation7 and the court will grant an injunction/specific performance in that instance. For a short while it also seemed to be the case that the court would lift the veil where there was clear evidence of asset stripping. In Creasey v. Breachwood Motors Ltd [1992]8 proprietors of Breachwood Welwyn Ltd transferred that company's assets to the defendant company. The evidence indicated that the defendant company had been formed for the sole purpose of avoiding the payment of a substantial wrongful dismissal claim. Breachwood Welwyn Ltd was then struck off the company register following the procedure laid down in Section 652 of the Companies Act 1985; hence depriving the plaintiff of any redress. Robert Southwell QC, sitting as deputy High Court Judge, held that the plaintiff could present his claim for damages directly against the new company, Breachwood Motors Limited, as its sole purpose was to strip Breachwood Welwyn's assets and deprive Creasey of redress. The decision in Creasey was unequivocally overruled in Ord & Another v Belhaven Pubs Ltd [1998] by the Court of Appeal. Hobhouse L.J said: " Creasey v. Breachwood . represents a wrong adoption of the principle of piercing the corporate veil. Therefore, in my judgement the case of Creasey v. Breachwood should no longer be treated as authoritative". The Court of Appeal cited its previous decision in Adams v. Cape Industries plc [1990]9 where plaintiffs were not able to seek redress from a holding company when its subsidiary (the defendant) went into liquidation. The House of Lords have endorsed this stricter interpretation of Salomon more recently in Williams v. Natural Life Health Foods Ltd [1998]10. In that case a franchise company had already gone into liquidation by the time a misrepresentation was discovered. The plaintiff sought redress directly from the sole director of the former franchise company. Their Lordships held not only that the corporate veil was sacrosanct and should only be lifted in the most

Challenges to the Attainment of Work-life Balance

Challenges to the Attainment of Work-life Balance The purpose of this paper is to review the recent literature on the recent state of theoretical and practical issues affecting the attainment of work-life balance within organizations. It also challenges some of the metaphorical assumptions associated with work/life balance. The balance between work and life is becoming an important strategic component in the Human Resource Management arena. Hence, to successfully maintain key human resource functions such as attracting and retaining talented staff within the organization, policies should be focused towards endorsing work-life balance. Introduction For the past ten years there has been increasing interest in work-life balance and has drafted innumerable attention from popular presses and scholarly journals. This increase in attention is in part ambitious by recent concerns stipulating that an imbalanced work/life relationship can reduce the health of individuals resulting in lower work performance and can have negative impacts on family life. The concept of work/life balance began to emerge in the 1980s and 1990s where companies first started to offer work/life programs. While the first effect of these programs were mainly to sustain women with children. Theses included maternity leave, home-based work, flex-time, employee assistance programs (EAPs) and child-care referral. During the 1980s men also began voicing work-life concerns. However, todays work/life programs are less gender-specific and recognize other commitments as well as those of the family. The issue of work/life balance began to emerge to the forefront of research and organizations when Rosabeth Moss Kanter revealed the phenomena in her influential book Work and Family in the United States: A Critical Review and Agenda for Research and Policy (1977).. However, the term work-life balance was first coined in 1986 in reaction to the unhealthy choices that many Americans were making in favor of the work place, as they opted to neglect family, friends and leisure activities in the pursuit of corporate goals. The articles published at that time suggested a sharp increase in the working hours of the Americans and this had started to affect their families and individual heath. Work life balance then slowly started gaining grounds in the various organizations. By the end of the decade, work-life balance was seen as more than just a womens issue, affecting men, families, organizations and cultures. Since, then it has developed in to a multidimensional facet with factors affectin g the both the individual and is critical for organizational success. It is formidable to note that the term work/life balance is widely but an official definition of this term still remains indefinable. Even though there are many conceptualizations of work-family balance occurring in recent literature, a direct developed measure of the construct does not exist. This unreliable measure of work-family balance undermines the ability to fully explore the rudimentary facets of this phenomenon. However, this negatively impacts investigations into the policies with respect to individual and organizational outcome variables. Within organizations and corporations there is increasing attention among organizational stakeholders (management, executive directors, owners etc.) for the introduction of work/life balance policies. This has become a predominant issue within the workplace. Many organizations have implemented proficient polices and programs with the objective of improving employee experiences of work-life balance. In the absence of a well developed measure of work-family balance, assessing impact of such interventions empirically becomes problematic. However, there is the need to fully understand and find an effective measure of work/life balance. This allows human resource practitioners to employ a proactive approach towards seeking innovative ways to augment their organizations competitive advantage. It will also aid in finding a balance between challenges of the work/life dilemma and recommend complimentary solutions. In attempting to find an effective measure of balance, the organization would t hen be capable of assessing the impact of the policies created on employee discernment of balance. This can also promote inter-organizational assessment of the levels of perceived work-life balance which can provide useful information to organizational stakeholders for policy drafting. Definition of Work Life Balance Work/life balance can be defined as the absence of unacceptable levels of conflict between work and non-work demands Greenblatt(2002). It incorporates the achievement of a reasonable level of involvement among the various roles in the lives of individuals and assesses their ability to deal with simultaneously with the complex demands of life. There are various definitions of work/life balance that is commonly associated with an equilibrium or sustenance of a sense of harmony in life. However, the meaning can take on different characteristics as it can mean different things to different groups. For example, work/life balance is different within different stages of life every individual experiences. An individual who has recently graduated from university and is not married would have a different conception of work-life balance compared with an individual who may be married and has responsibility to their spouse and children. Johnson (2005) suggests that ones perception of work-life ba lance is dependent on the individuals environment, age and lifestyle. Another important consideration is the level of conflict between work and family spheres especially when there is role conflict (Kossek and Lambert 2005). Furthermore, the job requirements of the individual in the workplace would often hamper with their family life responsibilities. (Williams 2008). The meaning is dependent on the circumstances of the discussion and the researchers viewpoint. There are some acceptable definitions regarding work/life balance and some definitions may overlap and some are evolving which are discussed further. The Traditional view of work/life balance The traditional view of work/life balance assumes that it involves the commitment of equivalent quantity of time to paid work and non-work roles. There are generally five major perspectives used to explain the correlation between work and life stipulated by Zedeck and Mosier (1990) and ODriscoll (1996). The first perspective is the segmentation model which theorizes that work and non-work are both independent domains of life that are separate and have no influence on the other.   This appears to be offered as a theoretical possibility rather than a model with empirical support.   The spillover model is the complete opposite of the segmentation model hypothesizes that both spheres are interdependent on each other either in a positive or negative way.   The research into this sphere can support its proposition however it is deemed having little value as it is too general.   This standpoint needs a more meticulous proposal about the causes, nature and effects of spillover.  The other models examined are more detailed adaptations of the spillover model. The third model is the compensation model which states that the demands or satisfactions that is lacking in one sphere can be made up in the other.   For example, work may be routine and undemanding but this is compensated for by a major role in local community activities outside work.   The other model is an instrumental model whereby an activity in one sphere accentuates the other sphere.   The traditional example is the instrumental worker who will seek to maximize earnings, even at the price of undertaking a routine job and working long hours, to allow the purchase of a home or a car for a young family.   The final model is a conflict model which states that each sphere has multiple demands, thus requiring individuals to prioritize and make choices that can lead to conflict. The contemporary view of work/life balance The contemporary view stipulates that the concept is recognized to be more complex and a number of different issues are to be incorporate. Contemporary studies have explored and measured six aspects of work/life balance that can provide a valuable construct for theoretical advancement and practical human resource interventions. The framework consist of six conceptualizations of work-life balance found in recent literature are as follows multiple roles, equity across multiple roles, satisfaction between multiple roles, fulfillment of role salience between multiple roles, a relationship between conflict and facilitation and perceived control between multiple roles. Work-life balance defined as multiple roles This view is drawn from an individuals multiple life roles which stipulate that the non work (personal/ family) demands are spilled over into the working day of the individual that negatively affects the health and work performance of the individual. This can be referred to as a multiple demand carry over which is referred by Greenhaus and Beutell (1985) as bidirectional, denoting home-to-work and work-to-home spillover. It is now accepted that there are positive as well as negative carry over with recent research identifying the bidirectional constructs of work-family facilitation and enhancement, as well as conflict. Within recent works Greenhaus and contemporaries have defined the multiple role conflict of work/life balance generally as Work-family balance reflects an individuals orientation across different life roles, an inter-role phenomenon (Greenhaus, Collins Shaw 2003). Work-life balance defined as equity across multiple roles The multiple roles definition of work-life balance as further examined by Greenhaus that explored with further focus on the fulfillment across an individuals multiple life roles or the equality of time. Work-family balance was therefore defined as the extent to which an individual is engaged in and equally satisfied with his or her work role and family role. There are three components of work family-balance that are time balance, involvement balance, and satisfaction balance (Greenhaus, Collins Shaw 2003). Time balance refers to an equal amount of time devoted to work and family roles and involvement balance refers to an equal level of psychological involvement in work and family roles. Satisfaction balance stipulates that there is an equal level of satisfaction with work and family roles. The individual components of work/life balance can represent either a positive balance or negative balance depending on the levels of time, involvement, or satisfaction which are equally high or e qually low. However, the work/life balance can be viewed a continuum anchored that is skewed to one end by disparities in favor of a certain role (family, personal roles). It can also be relatively balanced state to extensive imbalance in favor of the other role (work). Work/life balance can be conceptualized as an independent variable of an individuals desires or values. Bielby and Bielby (1989) observed that married working women may emphasize their family in balancing work and family identities and Lambert (1990) discussed maintaining a particular balance between work and home. The term balance here is used to represent an array of diverse patterns of dedication, rather than parity of dedications across roles. It can be inferred that an individual who gives extra priority to one role than the other is relatively imbalanced even if the distribution of commitment to family and work is highly consistent with what the individual wants or values. This conjures the controversial question whether su ch imbalance in favor of one role is healthy or not. Work-life balance defined as satisfaction between multiple roles Kirchmeyer research have focused on the importance of individual satisfaction with multiple roles defined work-life balance as achieving satisfying experiences in all life domains and to do so requires personal resources such as energy, time, and commitment to be well distributed across domains (Kirchmeyer 2000). Clark (2000) also focused on individual satisfaction within the description of work/family border theory and defined work-life balance as satisfaction and good functioning at work and at home with a minimum of role conflict (Clark 2000). Work-life balance defined as a fulfillment between multiple roles This aspect focuses on the individual satisfaction where there is an overlap with the acknowledgment an individuals perspective the multiple roles in relation to its importance. This point of view recognizes that the salience of roles is also not a static evaluation but may change over time with diverse familiar life changes such as work promotion, new baby, sick spouse or parents etc. Greenhaus and Allen then defined work-life balance as the extent to which an individuals effectiveness and satisfaction in work and family roles are compatible with the individuals life role priorities at a given point in time. Similarly, work and life balance research should focus on whether ones expectations about work and family roles are met or not. Eby, Casper, Lockwood, Bordeaux and Brinley (2005). Work/life balance defined as a relationship between conflict and facilitation Recent research has revealed the psychosomatic constructs that map work-life balance, noticeably conflict and facilitation. Consequently, work-life balance is been defined as an absence of conflict and a presence of facilitation where low levels of inter-role conflict and high levels of inter-role facilitation represent work-family balance (Frone 2003). The assessment of the four bidirectional conflict and facilitation constructs can be used as a framework to test this definition: Balance is a combined measure whereby work-family conflict was subtracted from work-family facilitation, and family- work conflict was subtracted from family-work facilitation (Grzywacz Bass 2003). Work-life balance defined as an apparent control among multiple roles This aspect is the least supported within the research literature. It states that work-life balance can be interpreted as a degree of independence where an individual perceives themselves having control over their multiple role demands. Fleetwood states that Work-life balance is about people having a measure of control over when, where and how they work (Fleetwood 2007). Apparently, work-life balance can also be seen as a result of individual sovereignty over the roles most salient to the individual. Therefore, an individual could reduce their work hours to spend time with for example their children which can be perceived as effective work-life balance. Finding a balanced work/life measure The brief review of the literature denotes that there has been limited systematic effort to clearly develop one clear definition or one specific measure of work-life balance. It is important to work towards a consensus of the precise meaning of work-life balance. With the emergence of a specific definition of work-life balance, it would foster decisive outcome variables to authenticate the contemporary theoretical models that describe the relationship among common moderators, outcome variables and the background of work-life balance. This would ensure that a detailed measure of work-life balance could also be used to contrast the levels of perceived balance among the levels within an organization. This would be significant for comparisons among the levels of balance among organizations. It would incorporate questioning employees to rate their present discernment of work-life balance to avidly create an effective measure of balance. The development of a systematic scale would also be necessary to sufficiently authenticate such a measure. The review of the literature reveals that is difficult in capturing a simple holistic measure of the meaning of work-life balance. A basis for recognizing the common threads of meaning can develop using the six definitions of work-life balance previously reviewed. Some definitions consist of the concept of perceptions of good balance as imperative to the significance of work-life balance. The realization that levels of work-life balance can change over time according to the salience of specific life events is also important to note. This would acknowledge the repeated readjustment to several demands that most employees cope with over their period of employment. An integration of the two core meanings or definition of work-life balance can equate the following definition, Work-life balance is the individual perception that work and non-work activities are compatible and promote growth in accordance with an individuals current life priorities (Kalliath 2008). The literature proposed that any appraisal of work-life balance should include individual preferences of current roles. This definition further acknowledges that an effectual balance would lead to positive improvement within the work and non-work spheres. Consequently an individuals work/life precedence can be voluntarily changed to incorporate the development of non-work activities (eg new baby, travel vacations) or growth at work (working harder to gain a promotion). This definition of work-life balance has to be operational within the context to measure validation and development across variant samples. Theoretical Framework: Work-Family Border Theory (Clark, 2000) The theoretical framework employed to understand the balance between work and life is the Work-Family Border Theory. The work-family border theory (Clark, 2000) and boundary theory (Ashforth, 2000) each contribute to the study of work-family connection by depicting the circumstances under which changeable degrees of work-family integration are likely to positively or negatively affect an individuals well-being. These theories deals with how people build, preserve, negotiate and cross boundaries. It shows how people depict the lines between work and family (Clark, 2000). In both theories are similar by an incorporation or segmentation as indicated primarily by displaying characteristics of flexibility and permeability. It is suggested that both are integrate evident when two or more spheres are highly flexible and permeable with respect to one another. The Boundary theory and work-family border theory are common with respect to the extent of work-family integration depending on similarities among these domains with each other (Desrochers Sargeant, 2004). However, the two theories diverge on the nature of the relationship and implications for work-family balance. The difference among roles is the determination of the clarity of how substantial the boundary is between one domain and another that consequently influences the possibility of work-family conflict Ashforth (2000). (Desrochers 2005). This theory has a propensity to focus on transitions within an organizational context Matthews (2007). Even though, reference is made to conversion between organizational roles and non-organizational roles (conversion between work roles and family roles), Clark (2000) states that the transparency of the work-family border is distinguished from the correspondence of role domains in which these two factors interact to influence work-family balance. Matthews (2007) states that this theory is mainly focused on the approach of people transitions between the work and family domains. The Work-family border theory denotes how individuals negotiate and control both the borders between work and family spheres and try to find a balance between them (Clark, 2000). The design of this theory is focused on finding a framework to undermine the criticism and gaps of previous theories on work and family (Akdere, 2006) by dividing the boundaries within the employees life. The theory seeks to deal with how the segmentation and incorporation, management and border creation and border crossers have on the relationships of work and home factors influence on work-family balance. The term border-crossers are referred to employees that are intending on making constant daily alterations between their work and family lives. The distinguishing factor between Work-family border theory and boundary theory in that its definition of borders not only encompasses psychological categories but also the substantial boundaries that divide place, people and time that is associated with work versus family spheres (Desrochers 2005). However, Clark (2000) research tries to comprehend the progression of work-family conflict. The earlier approaches were inadequate as they lacked predictive ability and offered modest direction in either forecasting work-family conflict or solving problems that arise from trying to find a balance between work and family responsibilities (Clark, 2000). Not all individuals are characterized engage in this transition of border-crossing as the language and customs are highly alike within both spheres. Within work domain the language and behavior that is expected are diverse from the expectation within the family domain and consequently a more extreme transition is required. The underlying concept of work-family balance theory refers to satisfaction and good functioning at work and at home, with a minimum of role conflict (Clark, 2000). The foundation of this theory is built upon the roles between spheres and has the possibility for further clarification on the work and family conflict processes between the family and the workplace (Bellavia Frone, 2005). The fundamental concepts of the work-family border theory are the work and home domains, the borders between work and home, the border-crosser with other important domain members. The Work and Home Domains The work and home are regarded by Clark as being two different domains that has differential behavior rules, and thought patterns. The differentiation among the work and home domains can be classified in two distinct groups that are the differences in value ends and differences in value means (Rokeach, 1973 as cited in Clark, 2000). The Work primarily deals with satisfying the means and ends of providing an income and giving a sense of accomplishment, while home life satisfies the ends of attaining close personal relationships. Within the work sphere the desired ends of responsibility and capability were ranked as the most important whereas the life aspect the desired ends of loving and giving were ranked the most significant means in achieving happiness in the home (Clark 2000). Due to the differentiation in spheres, individuals often find a balance that assimilates both work and life to some degree (Clark, 2000). With respect to the way in which individuals deal with differences of the two domains can be explained on a continuum with one end being integration and segmentation on the other Nippert-Eng (1996). The Borders between Work and Family Within the context of the border theory, an individuals role takes place in a detailed sphere of life and these domains are distinguished by borders that demarcate from either being psychological, chronological, or physical (Clark 2000). The physical borders define where domain or behavior takes place regarding to the workplace or within the home (Clark 2000). Within the research frameworks, the literature is geared towards more controlling and setting time schedules in examining the role conflict boundaries, however less consideration is given to space Ahrentzen (1990). The temporal border refers the time in which work is finished and when responsibilities of the family initiate (Hill 1998). The psychological borders refers to the rules an individual creates that dictate their emotions, behavior patterns and thinking patterns which are appropriate within a specific domain such as work but not family life (Clark, 2000). Psychological borders are used by individuals to identify the ru les that create the physical and temporal borders. It is created as an endorsement which a process in which individuals takes elements given in their environments and organizes them in a way that makes sense (Clark 2000). Work-Family Conflict The various predictors of work/family conflict can be grouped into two general categories role environment and personality. The Role environment consist of several types of role related predictors of work/family conflict such as behavioral involvement, psychological involvement, role-related stressors and affect, and role related resources. Behavioral involvement represents the amount of time devoted to work and family roles. As more time is devoted to one role, it would be expected that less time would be available to meet the demands of another role. Consistent with this notion, a number of studies have found that the time devoted to family activities and chores is positively related to levels of family to work conflict, whereas the time devoted to work is positively related to levels of work to family conflict. Work and family stressors, dissatisfaction, and distress have been examined as potential causes of work-family conflict. It is generally hypothesized that role characteristics can produce role-related dissatisfaction or distress, which may lead to cognitive preoccupation with the source of the distress or to reduced levels of psychological and physical energy. The resulting increase in cognitive preoccupation or reduction in energy can undermine an individuals ability or willingness to meet the obligations of other roles (Frone, Yardley, 1997). Consistent with this line of reasoning, past research has found that work demands, work-role conflict, work role ambiguity, and job distress or dissatisfaction are positively related to reports of work/life balance conflict. Work and family social support have been explored as potential resources that reduced work-family conflict. For example, a supportive supervisor may not make excessive demands that would cause an employee to work at home. Likewise, a supportive spouse or other family member may provide direct assistance with demands at home, thereby reducing the likelihood that an individual is preoccupied with these problems at work. Past research has found that higher levels of social support at work are related to lower levels of work-to-family conflict, whereas higher levels of social support at home are related to lower levels of family-to-work conflict (Adams, 1996). Personality. Although most research has explored role characteristics  as potential causes of work-family conflict, a few studies have begun to  examine personality dispositions as causes of work-family conflict. Various  personality characteristics, such as mastery, hardiness, positive affectivity,  and extraversion may be conceived of as individual resources in that they  capture a tendency to actively cope with problems at work and home,  thereby reducing the likelihood of work-family conflict. Other personality  variables, such as negative affectivity and neuroticism, may be conceived  of as individual deficits in that they capture a tendency to avoid problems  at work and home, thereby increasing the likelihood of work-family conflict. Several recent studies have found that high levels of hardiness, extraversion,  and self-esteem were associated with lower levels of both work-tofamily  and family-to-work conflict (Bernas Major, 2000; Grandey Cropanzano,  1999; Grzywacz Marks, 2000). One study reported that high  levels of neuroticism were associated with higher levels of both work-tofamily  and family-to-work conflict (Grzywacz Marks, 2000). Managing the boundary between the work and family spheres The review of the literature have show that little studies have examined an individuals perception within the boundaries of work and family roles (Nippert-Eng 1996). The analysis of borders can elucidate the extent in which individuals can control the issues determining work and family balance (Guest 2002). This allows for the analysis of physical and psychological controls, an examination of the nature of border permeability and the extent in which they can be managed or moved. This is consistent with the centrality of the issue where individuals perceive the parameters of work and family activities, which create personal meaning and the management of relationships among families and work Zedeck (1992). Kirchmeyer (2000) views living a balanced life as reaching a level that satisfies experiences within all life domains and requires individual resources such as commitment, energy and time to be well distributed across domains. Similarly, Clark indicates that work and family balance i s a satisfaction and good functioning of roles at work and at home with least role conflict (Clark, 2000). Furthermore, another definition of balance stipulates that a balanced life is productive, healthy and satisfying including facets of love, play and work (Kofodimos 1993).These definitions of balance share two important elements. There is the notion of equality, or near-equality, between experiences in the work role and experiences in the family role (Reiter, 2007). Clark (2000) and Kirchmeyer (2000) imply similarly high levels of satisfaction, health, functioning and efficiency across the various roles. Furthermore, the definitions of work and family balance implicitly consider two constructs of equality that are inputs and outcomes. The inputs are the personal resources (Kirchmeyer, 2000) that are applied to each role. Kirchmeyer (2000) states that balance within work and family requires that each role be approached with approximately an equal level of involvement, time, commi tment or attention. The balance achieved can either be negative or positive. A positive balance refers to an equal amount of attention, time, involvement, or commitment, whereas negative balance refers to an equally low level among these inputs. These inputs determine an individuals level of role commitment in accordance with the time dedicated or psychological involvement in each role. There is difficulty in determining an individual who is substantially balanced as being more betrothed in the work role than in the family role. The other component of balance is the resultant outcomes that are experienced in work and family roles. A frequent outcome included in definitions of balance is satisfaction (Kirchmeyer 2000; Clark2000). The relationship between work/life balance and quality of life The balance between work and life is denoted to promote well-being. It is suggested that an imbalance in work will stimulate high levels of stress, cause a reduction in the quality of life and diminish an individuals job performance (Kofodimos 1993). Within an organization the promotion of work/life balance can be promoted by an organizational change approach proposed by Hall (1990). This organizational change can take effect, by companies and individuals considering the advice given by literary publications providing on how to promote a greater balance in life (Cummings 2001; Fisher 2001). However, the question arises on how work/life balance can enhance an individuals quality of life. With respect to individuals, multiple roles can protect and create a buffer from the effects of negative experiences in any one role in an individuals life (Barnett Hyde, 2001). Work/life balance not only produces this buffering effect but can directly promote well being. Marks and MacDermid (1996) states that individuals who are believed to have a balanced life are deemed primed to seize the moment when they meet a role demand since one role is seen no less than the other. Within this way of thinking individuals who are perceived to have balance experience lower levels of stress when enacting roles due to the assumption that they are participating in role activities that are salient to them. It is evident that individuals that have a balance have experienced less role overload and less depression compared to individuals that were deemed imbalanced MacDermid (1996). Furthermore, when an individual has a

The Burden in The Things They Carried by OBrien Essay -- Things The

The Burden in The Things They Carried by O'Brien   In "The Things They Carried," O'Brien made reference to the Vietnam war that was closely associated with the physical, psychological, and emotional weight the soldiers beared.   The overall method of presentation of this story incorporated many different outlooks on the things the soldiers carried, dealt with, and were forced to adapt to.   In addition to this, O'Brien showed us the many reasons why and how the soldiers posessed these things individually and collectively and how they were associated directly and indirectly.   The strong historical content in "The Things They Carried" helped emphasize the focus of the story and establish a clearer understanding of details in the narrative and moods of the war itself.   From this, we are able to draw conclusions and assumptions to the events as it relates to the Vietnam war.   Three areas that "The Things They Carried" established and elaborated were the youthfulness of the Vietnam soldiers, their language and thought pattern s, and the actual tangible and intangible things they carried.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During Vietnam, soldiers were selected to be bought in to fight by draft.   Many families lost their youth through this process that would immediately force young boys to leave home and train for war.   I found an intriguing website that will tell you according to your birthdate, if you would or would not have been drafted during that time period. (Go)   In O'Brien's narrative, he portrays the soldiers as being young.   In the opening of the story, we immediately see a young man, First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, who is deeply in love with a college girl.   On page 13, we find out that he is only twenty-four.   Throughout the story we find many hin... ...page 15, O'Brien describes that the men carried the whole atmosphere.   On page 15, we are made aware that they carried diseases, parasites, infections and many other ailments.   Page 15 elaborates on how the soldiers carried the land itself.   They carried ghosts, their lives, eachother, pressures, and often the burden of just being alive as explained on page 19.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "The Things They Carried"   helped recognize particular aspects of the war as it associated with the soldiers and their lives individually and collectively.   Through his story, O'Brien described the overall mood of the war and the soldiers involved.   "The Things They Carried" posed many aspects and angles of the burdens the soldiers packed during throughout the war as well as the emotional stress that was associated along with it. O?Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. NY: Broadway Books, 1998.

Meno-Plato Essay

Meno begins his quest to have Socrates explain virtue by nature by stating that having beautiful things is to have virtue. â€Å"So I say that virtue is to desire beautiful things and have the power to acquire them† (77b). To help him to understand that this statement is not complete, Socrates inquires about specific characteristics that might comprise having something beautiful. These characteristics include wealth, a position of honor, justice, and the pursuit of happiness. Only in perfect combination to all of these specific characteristics assert â€Å"virtue as a whole† (77a) To desire beautiful things means to secure a good thing for oneself, according to Socrates. Under this explanation, all men desire good things and the men who desire bad things want to attain bad things for some benefit despite the fact that misery is a potential result. Therefore the act of desiring is with the intention of pursuing happiness as a virtue. â€Å"No one then wants what is bad, Meno, unless he wants to be such. For what else is being miserable but to desire bad things and secure them? † (78a). This characteristic of attempting to have happiness through securing good things and having power over them is a component of â€Å"virtue as a whole† (77a). Wealth and positions of power, under Socrates’ definition of â€Å"virtue as a whole† (77a), are only considered to be components of the nature of virtue if they are accomplished through just means. â€Å"It seems then that the acquisition must be accompanied by justice or moderation or piety or some other part of virtue; if it is not, it will not be virtue, even though it provides good things. † (78d-e) this reveals that the intention and process of acquiring good things is important to the nature of virtue as a whole. Without just process wealth nor positions of honor are not attributes of virtue because regardless of their significance as good or beautiful, they cannot be truly appreciated as virtuous without morally righteous intentions. â€Å"Then to provide these goods would not be virtue anymore than not to provide these goods would not to be virtue any more than not to provide them, but apparently whatever is done with justice will be virtue†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (79a) justice and good intention are required to be the basis of any good thing in order for it to be considered truly virtuous. However, in true response to Meno’s search to know the nature of virtue Socrates states that although that virtue as a whole is still under question. In order to understand virtue you must understand each characteristic that makes up virtue. â€Å"†¦that by answering in terms of the parts of virtue you can make its nature clear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (79e) Virtue is not defined by any one definition, rather it is the characteristics and process of attaining these characteristics that comprises the nature of virtue. Socrates refutes Meno’s assertion that to attain beautiful things is to have virtue. Through this rejection he goes on to examine this differences between wanting good and beautiful things and, attaining bad things under the belief or idea that they are, in some way, good. However, having good things is not enough. These good things must be attained justly otherwise their significance to â€Å"virtue as a whole† (77a) is obsolete. These characteristics of wealth, a position of honor, justice, and the pursuit of happiness are mutually inclusive and together, begin to describe the nature of virtue.

Project on Agriculture

The economy of Bhutan, one of the world’s smallest and least developed countries, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 60% of the population. Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for the majority of the people in Bhutan. Approximately 80% of the populations in Bhutan are involved in the agriculture sector and over 95% of the earning women in the country work in the agricultural sector. Agriculture in Bhutan is characterized by its labor intensive nature with relatively low intensity of farm inputs.Major crops cultivated in Bhutan are maize and rice where 49% of total domestic cultivation is maize and 43% for rice. Agriculture in the country includes cultivation of wheat and other minor cereal crops. Paddy is the primary crop in those regions where proper irrigation is available. Apart from paddy, other crops like wheat, barley, oil seeds, potato and different vegetables are also cultivated in these lands. Maize is mai nly cultivated in dry land regions at lower elevation. Forests are also responsible for regulating the availability of water for agricultural purpose.Goals & Objectives of Agricultural sector â€Å"To intensify and diversify adopting an integrated approach in nutrient and pest management and achieve at least 70 percent self-sufficiency on the food grains†. * Ministry of Agriculture Based on the above statement the ministry of agriculture holds the following goals & objectives: * National Food security * Conservation of natural resources * Sustainable economic production * Enhancement of rural income * Social and Regional balance Role of the Agriculture sectorAgriculture in Bhutan has a dominant role in the economy of the country and is the largest sector in the Bhutanese economy. Some of the roles of the agriculture are as follows: 1) Source of employment: Agriculture is one of the main sources of income for the Bhutanese since Bhutan is a developing country and depends mostl y on the agricultural products. Agriculture sector provides has provided employment opportunity and will continue to provide for some more years. 2) Contribution to National Income: National income is the total money earned within the country.In Bhutan, agricultural sector provides the majority contribution to the capital earned within the country. It comprises of one third Gross Domestic Product of our country. 3) International Trade In spite of its remote and land-locked location, Bhutan has been relatively successful as an agricultural exporter. The value of agricultural exports has grown at an annual rate of almost 9% since 2000. Taking advantage of the cooler climate, Bhutan exports oranges, potatoes, vegetables, and apples to India and Bangladesh which helps in promoting international trade.4) Contribution to Government revenue: The tax collected through agricultural lands is one of the main sources of income for the government which in turn is used to protect the welfare of t he people. Challenges faced by the Agriculture Sector Agriculture sector in Bhutan is facing problems undermining their growth and development. Though the Royal government is putting in great effort to develop and promote the sector it still faces some challenges as follows: * Natural calamities * Labor Shortage * Lack of marketing facilities * Social factors Agricultural FinanceFinance is the life blood of the agriculture sector and helps in enhancement of the agricultural production like in purchasing the fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, etc. In Bhutan there are financial institutions who provide agriculture loans in the form of short-term, medium-term and long-term funds. The financial institutions that provide credit to the farmers are: * Bhutan Development Bank Limited * Royal Insurance Corporation of Bhutan * Bank of Bhutan * Bhutan National Bank Industrial Sector in the Bhutanese Economy Bhutan is one of the least developed countries in the world.Before 1960s, manufacturing wa s a household work and a few items like agricultural tools, weapons, handicrafts, wood product were produced on a small scale. However, after 1961, the number of industries expanded steadily. Nevertheless, industrial development experienced relatively in slow pace in Bhutan due to weak entrepreneurial orientation, high transport, underdeveloped infrastructure, etc. The industrial growth would enhance the living standard of the people and increase the rate of economic growth of a nation. In Bhutan the basis of industrial growth are â€Å"Sustainable Development† and â€Å"Gross National Happiness†.

Social Activities Essay Example

Social Activities Essay Example Social Activities Essay Social Activities Essay Participating in any social activity is a dream of everyone especially an outdoor. Through the activities, one had the chance to meet with people from different parts of the world, socialize, share, have fun and discuss the things that they all believe are important to them.At the same time, social activities give one a sense of belonging, where you end understanding a certain culture and then start feeling that you really belong in the culture.Through social activities, we also tend to give to the society what we have never given to it, such as the acts of community cleaning gives one the chance to show the community that we need to have a clean environment.Personally, I have had an opportunity of participating in different social activities, but recently I found myself in one of the amazing social activities in China. This is something that will be part of my life forever because the experience was the perfect.China is a cool country with many natural scenes that provides a relaxin g moment to the residents. Most of the time, these people visit these places to have fun, but they have changed the fun at these places and now you can have any social activity there. The Chinese Martial Arts Tai Qi and Kung Fu is one of the best ways to exercise the culture of the Chinese people. This was the social activity that participated recently. It is the practice for the Chinese people, but they do not limit or hinder anyone to attend. As long as you are in China, everyone is invited to observe and take part in the activity and thus has been important to the Chinese people.The Tai Chi is made of gentle movements that allow the muscles of an individual to relax through the concentration and it also improves the balance and flexibility of an individual. There are the Kung Fu activities that teach people on how to fight and defend themselves in the case of anything. They belief that everyone must be readyto fight in case of any problem. During this time, people come together from different parts and it is here that they have the chance to participate in the activities. During my time, the Chinese Martial Arts: Tai Qi and Kung Fu took place in Beijing after my cousin took ma there.The number of people who attended the social activity was so many and everyone seems to be excited with what was going on during the activity. Having knowledge of different cultures has always been by dream and after attending this function, I was the happiest person ever. It was surprising how these people had mastered their moves and no one could confuse anything, this was interesting. They also seemed happy dyeing this activity as they served their foods and for sure, they love their culture I cannot disagree anymore. The most exciting thing is that I have a chance to interact with the Chinese people. What I know is that these people tend to have a different culture from the rest of the society ranging from the kind of food they consume and their cultural practices. Therefore, the fact that I had a chance to be part of this people, and it was great.Learning and interacting with people so that I can understand their culture has always been my prayer.There is nothing as good as having knowledge on what people do as their culture. In the society, we all must respect the culture of others in that we are not there to question their cultures, but we are there to appreciate and support their culture and this is exactly what I did.I did not have time to think and question myself what they were doing, but in the process I found myself enjoying and celebrating what they were doing. I can say the moves were nice and I was also motivated to try but it was anyway. At the same time, I also interacted with these people and to my surprise they are among the loving and friendly people I have ever met. We talk with them about my culture, and they told many things about China that I did not know. I also managed to make a number of friends who invited me to dinner after that and this was the interesting part of the activity. However, before they completed, they also invited the visitors to try and imitate their moves. Everyone who was foreign joined the field and tried this trick despite the fact that they were hard, we all struggled to get one or two things right. There is a lot that I have learned from the Chinese people after the activity. The problem with us human is we tend to judge people without first understanding who they really are. Personally, I had my own imaginations and perceptions about these people. I used to think that they are antisocial and rude, but after interacting with them there are nothing near to that. The food of the Chinese people has always been weird on my part. There was a time I was watching a video where they were eating raw tadpoles. This was disgusting and I could not imagine myself doing that, and I even vomited. Since that day, I hated these people, I always associated the kind if the food they are with their character.I even swore never to step in Chinese food restaurant because of the type of food they are. However, after interacting with these people, I have a different feeling. It is not that my culture or your culture is good than the other, will we have to do is appreciate the culture of others.The Chinese are happy with their culture, and food should not make us hate them. My feelings towards the Chinese people have changed and now I like them together with their food. The idea that I cannot step in a Chinese restaurant no longer exists as I am comfortable to eat. All in all, I appreciate the presence of social activity. There are many forms of social activities, the problem is as I grew up I only knew that social activity involves helping people like cleaning the local things, helping the old, Visiting children homes, visiting the sick in a hospital, and many others. However I have realized that there are many forms of social activity and even playing basketball is a form of social activity. The main aim of a social activity is to bring people together with the aim of socializing and have fun and the most important thing is that we learn something at the end. It is, therefore, important for the people to understand what the social activity is.Also, recommend that we should all participate in as many social activities as possible. This is important as it gives the sense of life. Instead of sitting and doing nothing, you can be somewhere doing something that can help you or someone else. It is also important to understand that through social a ctivities we have a chance to interact and meet with other friends. In conclusion,I have learned that through any social activity, we all have a chance to learn a lot. Ever since I attended the China social activity, I believe that I will always make sure I participate in at least one social activity every year. Through this , I am going to have a chance to learn and understand other cultures across the world and this is my primary goal.It is also important for the young people to avoid activities that can land them into problems like discos, the use of drugs. Through social activity, these young people have their mind occupied and they will not have time for their mischievous behaviors. I also understand that social activity can be a place of educating people on a certain thing in the society. For instance, as peoplehave gathered in their activities, one can take that chance to educate them on subjects like AIDs, teen pregnancy, drugs and many others.The message will help one and they can even end up changing their actions because of the message.

'Information System' Report about 'Node.JS' Essay

'Information System' Report about 'Node.JS' - Essay Example The kind of applications running is unimaginable since they are effectively connected to the web for clients and the server for organizations. The applications are then encapsulated to other environments like flash and Applets of Java. The main aim for Node.js is to create websites that are able to have a push and real time capability. The application Node.js was introduced in the year 2009 and it was created by Ryan Dahl. It is a platform environment that is built with a JavaScript background that is supported by Google Chrome’s JavaScript engine that is the fastest among other JavaScript engines. The application has a large number of users online using it including web developers. The application is able to accommodate a large number of users due to its scalability. With the function, Node.sj has been accepted by a large number of organizations including Facebook and EBay. The application is known for having an ability of becoming event driven which allows the web browsers to respond only when the user responds or performs a function. The resources spent when a web browser is running is much less since the application allows the browser only to respond when a user is working and it enables the connection in that same period. This is an environment that has been applied in a large number of institutions and organizations including Passmores University. In the university, Node.js is widely used since it has a number of characteristics that adhere to the rules of the environment. There are a large number of students registered at the university using web browsers. The same number of the students increases every year. Due to the scalability of the environment, all the students are being recorded into the servers inclusive of their academic and administrative records. In case information in the database is altered, it is able to be reflected in other user (Students and administrators) (TEIXEIRA, 2012). Node.js

Controversy about Virtual Classrooms in Middle School Research Paper - 1

Controversy about Virtual Classrooms in Middle School - Research Paper Example This report stresses that some of the criteria used to evaluate the stand of teachers and parents on this matter include review of information or literature on impacts of virtual classroom on all stakeholders. Another criterion is to develop a hypothesis for the controversy for having virtual classroom. The next criterion is the definition of both sides this will elaborate why teachers oppose virtual classroom and why administrators propose it. Selection of participants and control of extraneous variables is another method. Interviewing parents, teachers and administrators, will also be another criterion to use in developing this plot. Data collection, analysis, and result interpretation will also be put into use. Each of the given sources is credible and can be believed. The AIU books in the library give a clear study in this issue, and so it will be an adequate source of information. The internet/Google especially Google books has many relevant books on this specific topic. There a re many online books and statistics on the same if one goes online. Therefore, it will be a dependable source. This paper makes a conclusion that exists in a virtual classroom for middle class is particularly important at this point in time. The project will bring clarity on whether virtual learning is effective in disseminating knowledge to students in grade school. Virtual learning was to be a means of bridging the gap between rich and pure students. Taking this study will help in giving the needed information about the controversy and the approach that the target audience should have towards it.

Peppermint Candy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Peppermint Candy - Essay Example The events of the movie coincide with the actual events in the history books. Yeong-Ho, an emergency military member fights the uprising as a soldier. He serves the dictatorial government and tends to uphold the orthodox practice of dictatorship. Yeong-Ho kills a schoolchild. In the real world, the dictatorial military fought against the uprising. This led to mass murder and accidental deaths of innocent bystanders in the same time span depicted by the movie. Historiography as evident in Peppermint Candy serves a crucial role in the society by highlighting the concepts of consciousness and mind. Organizations, governments, individuals and families can understand the motivation behind specific actions by gathering mental experiences within a given time in a process known as consciousness. Additionally, as one studies the mind of an individual, it becomes simple to determine the reasons behind specific actions especially dictatorship. Yeong-Ho tortures the uprising captives. The captiv es are in bad shape as seen in their health. The national historic attack of 1980 where the dictatorial government deployed more than 20,000 troops in Gwanju, documents that many people died, others survived with severe physical or mental impairments while others permanently separated with their family members. The unsettled conscience of Yeong Ho as he transforms from innocence to brutality is clear. However, the perpetrator indicates the universal struggles of South Korean citizens at the time of the dictatorial rule and subsequent attacks. Peppermint Candy story begins in 1970. Soyoung Yeong-Ho emerges as the main character to join the military system of the land. Prior to this period, people were mostly peaceful though there were other earlier uprisings. This accurately depicts that the countries were calm before the Gwanju uprising gained momentum and the country fell into internal wars and massacre of its own citizens. The movie properly describes the dictatorial ideologies and structures employed by the existing government. The claims of upholding anti-communism ideas allowed the dictatorial military to perpetrate their unjustified and inhumane attack on citizens. According to history, after the Korean War, South Korea marked North Korea as its enemy due to its communist ideas. The south forged a National Security Law to foster national security. However, this served to provide a platform for the dictatorial government to classify various social groups that poses threats such as labor societies and advocators of d emocracy. It is evident that enemies of the state experienced imprisonment, detention, torture and death. The movie portrays this fact because the raids were not secretive and soldiers were not worried about their actions because the National Security Law protected them. Soyoung Yeong-Ho takes the audience through the military brutal operations because he is a perpetrator himself. According to Soyoung (63) while the movie describes the period as time of â€Å"ice war†, cold war was taking place. The world’s cold war was characterized by economic race. This was a period of financial crises across parts of Europe that reflected on Asian countries. Korea hit its highest peak of financial trouble in 1997, six years after the USA’s cold war allegedly ends. The timelines in the movie coincide with the actual IMF crises that befell the country after the cold